When I prepare for the Math/Maths Podcast I make some notes on each story so I have quick access to the key information when talking to Samuel Hansen. As an experiment, I have tried to tidy these up and place them here in my Math/Maths notebook.

Math/Maths PodcastMath/Maths Podcast: Peter Rowlett in the UK talks to Samuel Hansen in the US about news & current affairs.

My main blog, Travels in a Mathematical World.

Tuesday, 31 January 2012

Three new Mathematics Matters case studies

Three new case studies have been posted to the IMA's Mathematics Matters series. This aims to address the following problem:
The industry and technology that surrounds us owes a great debt to modern mathematics research, yet this fact is perfectly hidden in its physical manifestation. The concern with this state of affairs is that what is unknown cannot be appreciated or valued.

The new case studies, on finding replacements for fossil fuels and finding a new, non-invasive, way to monitor diabetes, takes the total now available to 26.

IMA: Mathematics Matters.

Alan Turing Pardon: Early Day Motion

John Leech MP, on his blog, reports having submitted an Early Day Motion (EDM) to Parliament calling for a pardon for Alan Turing.

The Parliament website defines EDMs:
Early day motions (EDMs) are tabled by MPs to publicise a particular event or cause, and to gather support among MPs for that event or cause. MPs demonstrate their support for an EDM by signing the motion.
Gordon Brown issued a Government apology in 2009 for the way Turing was treated following a conviction of gross indecency in 1952. A pardon would go further. In his blog post, John Leech reports that the EDM is "prompted by a petition on the Downing Street web page". This e-petition calls for a pardon to go "some way to healing" the damage caused by the circumstances of Turing's death, in recognition of the work Turing did, and to "act as an apology to many of the other gay men, not as well known as Alan Turing, who were subjected to these laws".

The full text of the petition is available on the Downing Street website and the full text of the EDM is on John Leech's blog.

John Leech MP: Alan Turing should be pardoned (31 January 2012).
e-petition: Grant a pardon to Alan Turing.
BBC: PM apology after Turing petition (2009).
Parliament: Early Day Motions.

A dozen stats tips for journalists

A post on the website of the getstats campaign offers a dozen tips for journalists, who "increasingly have to have at least minimal competence in understanding stats and data, if they are going to do a creditable job".

From a warning to think about the motivation of whoever "cooked up" the number in a press release, to putting figures in context to add to their impact, the list is aimed at the basic skill set that getstats thinks are "the basis for a journalistic career in the 21st century". Your views on the items in the list are invited via the webpage.

getstats: What Journalists Need to Know (31 January 2012).

Monday, 30 January 2012

2012 BSA Media Fellows - call for applications

In Math/Maths 78: Researchers and the Media Special we spoke to Nathan Green, a researcher who had done a Media Fellowship with the British Science Association. These
aim to bridge the communication gap between scientists and journalists and give space for a dialogue between the two. They reflect the British Science Association's commitment to increasing the accessibility of the sciences and providing opportunities for discussion and debate. The Media Fellowships aim to give scientists and their colleagues, the confidence and willingness to engage with the media and tackle issues of mistrust and misrepresentation and to give journalists access to new scientific expertise.
The Media Fellowship scheme is the only one of it's kind in the UK.
If this sounds interesting, you'll be pleased to hear the call for 2012 BSA Media Fellows is now open. These are for fellowships lasting between 3-7 weeks during July to September 2012. Applications close at midnight on 11 March 2012. You can read lots about the scheme, tips on applying and apply online via the BSA website.

Application for 2012 Media Fellowships.

Where are you? I'll ask your friends

An article in New Scientist explains how users of social networks might "unwittingly leak" location information through their friends.

A system developed by Adam Sadilek of the University of Rochester in New York predicts Twitter users' locations by looking at their and their friends' tweets. It does so using a dynamic Bayesian network, a way of encoding probabilities using graph theory that provides "a natural tool for dealing with two problems that occur throughout applied mathematics and engineering - uncertainty and complexity".

A trial using four million tweets from users in Los Angeles and New York was conducted and this found that:
a couple of weeks of location data on an individual, combined with location data from their two most sharing friends, is enough to place that person within a 100-metre radius with 77 per cent accuracy. That rises to nearly 85 per cent when you combine information from nine friends. Even someone who has never shared their location can be pinpointed with 47 per cent accuracy from information available from two friends, rising to 57 per cent with nine.
New Scientist mentions the obvious privacy concerns and point out some potential benefits in epidemiology, or to find nearby friends in case of a suicide attempt. It is worth reading the whole article, the rest of which discusses how a system might identify someone - or not - through their ability to identify photos of their friends, and a new programming system developed at MIT that "automatically enforces privacy policies".

New Scientist: What your online friends reveal about where you are (25 January 2012).

The man who puts the Grime into Grime dice

In a new video Matt Parker and Steve Mould, the guys behind mathsgear.co.uk, the website which sells "items of mathematical interest", talk to "the man who puts the word Grime into Grime dice", James Grime. Grime dice are a unique set of five non-transitive dice invented by James and for sale via mathsgear.co.uk. The video is an amusing short run through the interesting properties of the dice. It even includes some 'acting' from the guys. Delightful!

Math/Maths 83: Pac-Man is NP-Hard

Episode 83 of the Math/Maths Podcast has been released.
This week Samuel and Peter spoke about: Pac-Man is NP-Hard; How to learn to love maths; The Gender Gap in Maths; The Mathematician's Shirts photos; Algorithmic Education; Mathematics World UK Launch; Neighbourly Advice; Vision for science and mathematics education 5–19; Approximating the Hilbert Curve with 3-D Printers; Elsevier & The Cost of Knowledge revisited; Turing Centenary Events; Science Sparring Society's First Fight.
Download this and find out how to subscribe over at pulse-project.org.

Pac-Man is NP-Hard

Pac Man Cross Stitch
Pac Man Cross Stitch by Everyspoon, on Flickr
Giovanni Viglietta at the University if Pisa has published a paper in which he classifies games from the 1980s and 90s including Pac-Man, Doom, Tron and many others. Each game is evaluated and categorised according to what the player can and must do to complete the game. The paper gives a number of proofs showing that any video game with specific game-playing properties falls into a certain complexity class and uses this to classify each game. Having classified these, games are compared to assess computational hardness and determine whether each game is complete.

Pac-man is a 'location traversal' game because it involves a player moving through a landscape collecting tokens.  Graph theory is used to prove that such games are NP-hard.

Interestingly, he is quoted saying that this kind of analysis is unnecessary for modern games: "Most recent commercial games incorporate Turing-equivalent scripting languages that easily allow the design of undecidable puzzles as part of the gameplay".

Much more detail in the full report over at Technology Review: 'Pac-Man Proved NP-Hard By Computational Complexity Theory'.

The full paper, with the title "Gaming Is A Hard Job, But Someone Has To Do It!" is available in the arxiv.

Turing events

Photo by Colin Smith at the Geograph Britain and Ireland project.

Ray Dolan will present the 8th annual Turing Lecture in Manchester. His talk is titled 'From cryptanalysis to cognitive neuroscience - a hidden legacy of Alan Turing' and discusses the heritage of Turing's work, and its ongoing effects on computing today. A webcast will be published shortly after the event.

Also this week I heard about a weekend that the British Society for the History of Mathematics are supporting in Oxford, "Turing's Worlds". The description for this says:
Although most well-known for his work at Bletchley Park in the pioneering days which saw the birth of modern practical computing ... Turing did fundamental research on Artificial Intelligence, Computer Programming and even Mathematical Biology. This weekend attempts a rounded view of a polymath, one of the great mathematicians of the twentieth century, his life and his times. We will have a number of very distinguished speakers who have themselves researched in some of the areas that Turing pioneered but our aim is an accessible and informative account of Turing's multifarious achievements.
A programme for Turing's Worlds is online now. These events fit into a wide programme of events this year for the centenary of Turing's birth, and a substantial list is maintained by the Alan Turing Year website.

The IET/BCS Manchester Turing Lecture 2012: "From cryptanalysis to cognitive neuroscience - a hidden legacy of Alan Turing".
Turing's Worlds weekend.
Alan Turing Year Events.

Royal Society building a vision for science and mathematics education 5-19

Royal Society have launched a project: Vision for science and mathematics education 5-19.

The project has identified and will focus on five specific areas that are seen as essential components of a high-performing school and college science and mathematics education system:
  • Teachers (and the wider workforce)
  • Leadership and ethos
  • Infrastructure
  • Skills, curriculum and assessment
  • Accountability
The project will be undertaking in-depth investigation through commissioned studies on the first two areas. 

A Call for Views is now open. This is via fairly open ended (as far as I can see) Online survey, or by downloading the questions as a Word document. Organisations and individuals are being asked to submit their views on the five key areas by Friday 16 March 2012.

Call for Views for the 'Vision for science and mathematics education 5-19' project.
Project website: Vision for science and mathematics education 5-19.

The Mathematician's Shirts

Julia Collins came on the podcast episode 58 to talk to us about the Mathematician's Shirts exhibit, designed by Julia and Madeleine Shepherd as part of the arts-science collaborative in Edinburgh, ASCUS.

There is an article about the ASCUS exhibits, in which Mathematician's Shirts features heavily. This says:
The first work that visitors to the exhibitions will see, even before entering the exhibition, is The Mathematician’s Shirts: a display consisting of a series of shirts cut and tied into knots and scrawled with complex formulas.
Also available is the project blog, which describes some of how the process worked, and a Flickr group with further photos of the exhibit.

ASCUS interview (27 January 2012).
The Mathematician's Shirts blog.
The Mathematician's Shirts Flickr.

UK Maths Museum initiative launched


An initiative to follow in the footsteps of the Mathematikum in Giessen and MoMath in New York has been launched in the UK. The website for Mathematics World UK describes the goal as "a building dedicated to mathematical discovery and celebrating our mathematical heritage".

The vision for the centre gives some detail:
Our Centre will present mathematical objects and mathematical thinking... presenting in attractive and exciting ways the geniuses and discoverers, the discoveries and their applications, the lives of the mathematicians, and the culture, arts, fashion and politics of their time. All aspects of maths will be represented, from the playful abstract aspect of maths as experienced in games to the serious significance of maths in every aspect of our lives from huge engineering projects to helping fight cancer.
A fundraising campaign has now been launched. Geoff Wain, campaign organiser, said,
Apart from the indispensible and indisputable usefulness of mathematics in society it is also supremely important in the history of civilisation. Mathematics as a body of knowledge, painstakingly built over millennia, ranks as one of the great creative achievements of the human race. And we hope this new initiative will capture the public imagination.
Source: Mathematics World UK - Press release (26th January 2012).

Alex Bellos on maths as Shakespeare

Alex Bellos has a nice paper in the Guardian in which he discusses the idea that maths is useful so pupils should study it (perhaps to 18). He argues maths is also part of our cultural heritage and should be studied on its own merit for this reason.

Alex says, "the need to pass exams and the emphasis on number-crunching often makes us forget how fascinating maths can be."

To counter this, he offers, "a list of 10 morsels that, I hope, give a taste of the pleasures to be had."

Read Alex's article "How to learn to love maths" (23 January 2012).